Virtually every household eventually has to deal with a toilet that refuses to flush. The good news is that the problem is often addressable, and there are a few DIY fixes to try before you call a professional.
Quick Takeaways
Low toilet tank levels can cause the float to shut off flushing too soon.- A worn or warped flapper may not allow a strong enough flush.
- Many flushing issues involve clogged drains or traps.
- A loose chain leaves slack that prevents the flapper from fully opening.
- Mineral buildup can reduce swirl action in the bowl.
- Check the shutoff valves to see if they’re curbing pressure.
- A cracked tank may lower the water level and affect flushing.
- Blocked sewer lines can cause problems with multiple fixtures.
Why Won’t My Toilet Flush? The Most Common Causes
Flushing problems tend to break up into three broad categories. First, many flushing issues are due to the tank’s mechanical systems not functioning properly. Second, the water supply may not provide sufficient water or pressure for flushing. Third, a drainage issue, such as a blockage, may inhibit proper flushing.
1. Low Water Level in the Toilet Tank
Proper flushing requires enough water to drive siphon action at the bottom of the bowl. If there isn’t enough water in the tank, the trap won’t fully clear.
Low levels may arise due to flapper problems, inadequate water pressure, a crack in the tank, or issues with the chain. Many times, a small adjustment to the float ball can overcome problems with aging components that cause many of these issues.
You can diagnose such problems by checking the fill level. If the water stops filling well below the top of the overflow tube, then something is likely wrong with the water level.
2. Clogged Toilet or Drain Line
Toilet paper, hygiene products, waste, and even foreign objects can clog the toilet or the drain line. The range of solutions is pretty diverse, with the simplest option being plunging the toilet. However, there could be more complex issues in the drain line, including a collapsed sewer pipe or a root intrusion.
You can diagnose the difference based on how other fixtures act. If other sink basins and bathtubs are struggling to drain, there is a good chance the problem is in the sewer line. This will likely require professional help.
Notably, some stubborn toilet clogs may also require professional assistance. Our plumbers have access to professional-grade chemicals, plumbing snakes, and other supplies to clear blockages.
3. Fault Flapper
The flapper is a rubber valve at the bottom of the toilet tank. When closed, it seals the tank and prevents the water from constantly running. When opening, it allows the toilet to flush.
Flappers wear out due to mechanical stress, hard water, and even chlorine. You can replace the flapper by turning off the water supply, unhooking the chain, removing the old flapper, and installing a new one.
The most common sign of a flapper issue is that the water in the toilet tank will periodically run, even when you haven’t recently flushed.
4. Loose or Disconnected Chain
A chain connected to an arm transfers the action from the handle to the flapper. If this chain is loose, broken, or disconnected, the tank will either not flush at all or flush very weakly.
You can fix this by unhooking the old chain and then attaching a new one. You will likely have to adjust the chain a bit to get the right length.
5. Blocked Jets
Small holes at the bottom of the rim allow the water from the tank into the bowl. There is also a siphon jet at the bottom that encourages the water to go down the drain. Mineral deposits or waste can block these holes, reducing the toilet’s flushing power.
A cleaning brush will often be enough to loosen debris from the jets. Many stores also sell products for this purpose. You can also pour vinegar down the overflow tube. This type of cleaning every 3-6 months will reduce the risk of buildup in the jets.
When a Non-Flushing Toilet Becomes an Emergency
Halt any DIY efforts if water begins backing up into the bathtub, shower, or nearby sinks. You should also stop if your efforts produce a strong sewage smell.
Similarly, multiple flushing problems are likely a sign of a bigger issue. Stop if the water tops the toilet bowl. In this scenario, turn off the shut-off valves and call a plumber.
While DIY fixes often work, anything that causes water to go where it doesn’t belong risks property damage. It can spread bacteria to other parts of your house.
At this point, turn off the water to the toilet and then contact us. Our licensed plumbers have camera inspection equipment, safe chemicals, and professional-tier snakes to clear lines. We can also check for damage to the plumbing and drain lines.
Frequently Asked Questions About Toilets That Won’t Flush
Why won’t my toilet flush when it’s not clogged?
Failing tank mechanisms like flappers and chains are often the problem. You can open the tank and see what happens when you hit the toilet handle. If no water seems to go down, then there’s likely a mechanical problem in the tank.
Why does my toilet flush once and then stop working?
The tank is refilling properly. Especially if it takes 5-10 minutes, there’s likely a valve problem. In extreme cases, the water may not quit running.
Can hard water cause flushing problems?
Yes, hard water is particularly a problem in the Birmingham, AL, region. Jefferson County water supplies have water hardness ratings in the moderately hard to hard range. This means minerals like calcium and magnesium can collect in jets and clog them.
Is it safe to keep plunging a toilet that won’t flush?
Plunging is often the first response. Stop plunging if 15-20 plunges don’t lead to any improvement. Aggressive plunging can crack the bowl, push the clog deeper into the drain system, and even force sewage into nearby fixtures. A toilet auger or professional help are the next options.
How do I know if the problem is my sewer line?
If more than one fixture in your house is having trouble draining, there is a good chance the problem is deeper in the drainage or sewage system. Check your basement for signs of water backing up. Also, check other fixtures. Check your yard for signs of wet spots, which may indicate a collapsed sewage pipe.
How Benjamin Franklin Plumbing Can Help
Benjamin Franklin Plumbing is proud to serve the residents of the Birmingham area. We are the punctual plumbers who can help you address problems quickly. Find out why so many of your neighbors consider us the trusted local experts when it comes to diagnosing and fixing flushing issues.
Contact Benjamin Franklin Plumbing today if your toilet is having trouble flushing.